Functional assessment of an elderly man at home Essay Example for Free

Functional assessment of an gray man at shoes EssayAccording to NHS (2011), elderly community who form attained the age of 65 age and above usually spend an average of 10 hours and above daily sitting or manufacturing down, making them the most sedentary convocation of people. Due to this app atomic number 18nt inactivity among the elderly, they are more abandoned to accidental falls, obesity, cardiovascular accidents, heart conditions and sudden death than the universal population.In this interview, data was gathered from an elderly man in his early 80s done use of a semi-structured interview schedule that consisted of open-ended questions soupcon on the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL). The interview schedule provided an opportunity for the interviewer and interviewee to admit the questions in detail through appropriate probing.Before commencement of the interview, an informed consent was obtained from the responde nt where his anonymity and the confidentiality of the cultivation sought from him were assured. The interviewee was asked to sign a consent form if he harbord to take demand around in the interview. The RationaleTo as certain(prenominal) that a person is able to independently give-up the ghost at home or community, the determination of the daily basic activities doed by the individual is necessary. These activities are referred to as Activities of Daily donjon (ADLs). According to PayingForSeniorCare (2007), ADLs only serve as a yardstick of independence of individuals, whether or non they perform these basic activities on their own or get assistance.On the other hand, Instrumental Activities of Daily alive (IADLs) are the actions which are measurable barely non a daily demand for one to live independently. They usually used to determine what level of assistance is to be accorded to the elderly or disabled people in society.In the interview nschedule, three (3) ADLs and Three (3) IADLs were included. The ADLs included Bed mobility, Toileting, and Eating. The IADLs were Responsibility for own medication, Housekeeping, and exponent to use telephone. These activities and actions were included in the interview because they give in the very least point to the in operation(p) efficiency of the respondent given his advanced age.ADLs and IADLs are carried extinct because Measuring an individuals ability to perform the ADLs and IADLs is important not just in determining the level of assistance required but as a metric for a variety of services and programs related to caring for the elderly and for those with disabilities (PayingForSeniorCare (2007, p. 1). honorable copeationsAccording to Fouka and Mantzorou (2011, p. 3), research ethics involve requirements on daily work, the security of dignity of subjects and the publication of the learning in the research. Research ethics are a set of principles that guide researchers and research organizations on how to extradite themselves when dealing with research participants, other researchers and colleagues, the users of their research and society in general. Among the ethical departures taken into consideration in research include 1. conscious consentInformed consent is a major ethical issue in carrying out research. According to Armiger (1997), the participant must knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently, and in a pull ahead and manifest way, give his/her consent. Informed consent confers autonomy to the respondent hence they are protected through self-determination. Through informed consent, the participants integrity, personal liberties and veracity are protected from violation by researchers.Informed consent enables individuals participate in research voluntarily after they have been provided with information on the potential attempts and benefits of the research. Free and informed consent should incorporate an introduction to the study, its purpose, an explanation of the selection of the subjects and the procedures that shall be followed. It is necessity to pick out any corporal harm or discomfort, any invasion of privacy and any holy terror to dignity as well as how the subjects will be compensated in that case. 2. Beneficence- do not harmThis principle watchs that researchers exercise a professional mandate to carry out significant and in effect(p) research so as to serve and promote the welfare of the population. A researcher must consider all possible consequences of the research and balance the risks with proportionate benefit. The type, degree, and number of potential risks must be assessed and the risk benefit ratio can only be achieved by identifying these factors. If the risks outweigh the benefits, the study should be revised.It is important that debriefing of the participants is done at the end of the study. Debriefing refers to explaining the exact aim of the study and why certain disclosures were not done. According to Burns and G rove (2005) if the subjects experienced a high level of discomfort, they should be debriefed or referred to appropriate professional intervention as necessary. 3. Respect of anonymity and confidentialityConfidentiality and anonymity are nigh linked with the rights of beneficence. The protection of anonymity is achieved when the researcher does not link a participants personal responses and his/her identity. The management of mystic information of the respondents must be ensured by the researcher in order to protect the participants identity. Confidentiality means that individuals can give and/or withhold as much information as they adjure to the person they choose. 4. Respect of privacyPrivacy is the freedom exercised by an individual in determining the time, extent, and general circumstances under which private information will be shared with or withheld from others. Therefore, private information shall not be shared with others without the knowledge of the participant. Accordin g to Treece and Treece (1982), a researcher must respect a decision by a respondent who considers reporting personal information a violation of privacy.Fauka and Mantzorou (2011, p. 7) put forward that this may even apply to report of age, income, marital status, and other details that the subject may hear intimate. They also imply that privacy can be invaded when researchers study certain groups without their knowledge and without identifying themselves. 5. Concerns of vulnerable group of peopleVulnerable group of people are the individuals who are unable to protect their own rights and welfare. idea is still divided as to whether they should be included in research studies or not repayable to their inability to give informed consent. They include prisoners, mentally ill people, the aged and children among others. They need further protection for they are vulnerable to being deceived, threatened or forced to participate in research studies they have no idea about.According to B urns and Grove (2005), the vulnerability of these individuals increases the need for justification for the use of such(prenominal) subjects in research studies. 6. Honesty, objectivity, integrity, legality and competenceIt is important to maintain honesty in research undertakings. aboveboard report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Avoid any fabrication, falsification, or misrepresentation of data. Do not deceive colleagues, granting agencies, or the public. To maintain objectivity, the researcher must avoid bias in study designs, data analysis, data interpretation, fellow review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimize bias or self-deception. Disclose personal or financial interests that may affect research. haleness should be ensured through keeping of promises and agreements.The researcher must act with sincerity, and maintain consistency of th ought and action. any researcher must ensure and improve his/her own professional competence and expertise through womb-to-tomb education and learning and steps must be taken towards the promotion of competence in acquirement as a whole. Research studies are guided by the relevant rules and regulations that must be adhered to at all times, whether institutional or governmental. Research ethics play important roles in research studies as they 1. Bring about respect for and cause no harm to the participants 2. They are a professional requirement in research studies3. They are a requirement in obtaining funding for research undertaking 4. They ensure that research studies are conducted within the ethical guidelines provided by the Ethics Committee 5. Ensures that the research findings are pleasant to the research community and the public Intervieweecurrent IADL/ADL practicesAccording to Quinn et al. (2011), elderly individuals usually present with acute and degenerative problems t hat adversely affect function, often defined by functional decline and loss of independence. This might at long last tend to institutional carefulness for such individuals. The decreased function may be a pointer to occult pathologies which lead to increased mortalities (Schumacher, 2005).From the interview, it was found out that the respondent had limited capacity in carrying out daily activities. For instance, in determining the ADLs, in bed mobility, he needed other than two persons physical assist, had a limited physical assistance in toileting and limited assistance when eating. His actions too were limited as he scored lowly in IADLs.For instance, in responsibility for own medication, he only takes medication when it is ready in advance and in right dosages, he answers the telephone only and cannot dial by himself, and finally he does not participate in any form of housekeeping. The respondents attributed all this to poor memory, fast helplessness eyesight, affliction b y arthritis and advanced age. ConclusionElderly individuals are afflicted by many ailments that lead to poor health, and as a consequence they are usually unable to undertake simple tasks that are geared towards maintaining good health. It is therefore imperative that functional assessment are done on such persons in order to put in place appropriate strategies that can help them lead at least normal lives. Therefore, ADLs and IADLs are important towards this end and can help determine the kind of care to be provided to elderly individuals. This can be in the form of institutional care, family and friends care giving.ReferencesArmiger, B. (1997). Ethics in Nursing Research Profile, Principles, Perspective. Nursing Research, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 330-333. Burns, N Grove, S. (2005). The practice of nursing research Conduct, critique, and utilization (5th ed.), St. Louis, Mo Elsevier/ Saunders. Fauka, G Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research? Is t here a conflict between the research ethics and the nature of nursing? Health Science Journal, 5(1), pp. 3-14. NHS (2011). The importance of exercise as you get older. Retrieved from http//www.nhs.uk. Quinn, J, McArthur, Ellis, G Stott, J. (2011). Functional assessment of older people. BMJ. doi doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4681Schumacher, J. (2005). Emergency medicine and older adults go on challenges and opportunities. Am J Emerg Med, 23 pp. 556-60. Treece, E Treece, J. (1982). Elements of research in Nursing. St-Louis Mosby.AppendixAppendix AInformed consent letterMy name is ., an undergraduate student at .. University carrying out a study on the importance of ADLs and IADLs. All information provided in this study will be treated with confidentiality and your identity shall not be disclosed. All information provided in this study will be treated with confidentiality and your identity shall not be disclosed. The participation in this study is on voluntary basis, and therefo re you are free to have got or decline to take part in the study. Your cooperation shall be of great importance in achieving this goal. If you agree to take part in this study, interest append only your signature below ____________________________________ ______________________ Respondent soupcon DateInterviewer signature DateAppendix BInterview schedulePart 1 ADLs1. How will you describe your ability to move in bed while you lie on it? Anydifficulties? 2. recreate describe your ability to use the washrooms. Any important information worthy noting? 3. Can you please describe to me your eating habits? Are you able to cut chew and swallow food independently or with lapse?Part 2 IADLs1. Are you responsible for taking your medications? Yes No If NO in the above question, please explain.2. Do you perform housekeeping chores?3. How will you describe your use of the telephone? any reasons for that?